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Fulmar, Archbishop of Trier : ウィキペディア英語版 | Fulmar of Karden
Fulmar of Karden (''ca''. 1135 – 1189), also occurring in the variant forms ''Folmar'', ''Vollmar'', ''Formal'', or ''Formator'', was the Archbishop of Trier from 1183 and the last not also to be a prince elector. He opposed the emperor in the late twelfth-century phase of the Investiture Controversy. The historian Bernhard von Simson characterized Fulmar as "that restless, ambitious, and hard-hearted man."〔(ドイツ語:der unruhige, ehrgeizige und harte Mann). ''Geschichte der deutschen Kaisterzeit'', Vol. VI, p. 142. Simson's prejudice against "ultramontane" interference in German internal politics, typical of the Protestant historiography of the Wilhelmine German Empire, must be taken into account in his evaluation of Fulmar's character and actions.〕 == Biography ==
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